[WORLD EXPERIENCE: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR N. A. SEMASHKO HELPED ICELAND TO CREATE ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD. PART 1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW].

Annotation. The review article is devoted to the healthcare system of Iceland, which demonstrates some of the best indicators of public health in the world at relatively low costs for a developed European country. The successful experience of Icelandic healthcare is important for Russia, on the one hand, due to the proximity of this country to many Russian regions in terms of climatic and geographical location, demography and territorial development. On the other hand, the success of Iceland's healthcare is closely linked to the development of a model, in many ways similar to the Soviet model of Nikolai Semashko, which Russia has abandoned. The authors believe that Iceland's experience can be used in the modernization of regional healthcare systems in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic, as well as Russian healthcare in general.

[WORLD EXPERIENCE: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR N. A. SEMASHKO HELPED ICELAND TO CREATE ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD. PART 2. PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONING OF THE ICELANDIC HEALTH SYSTEM].

Annotation. The review article is devoted to the healthcare system of Iceland, which demonstrates some of the best indicators of public health in the world at relatively low costs for a developed European country. The successful experience of Icelandic healthcare is important for Russia, on the one hand, due to the proximity of this country to many Russian regions in terms of climatic and geographical location, demography and territorial development. On the other hand, the success of Iceland's healthcare is closely linked to the development of a model, in many ways similar to the Soviet model of Nikolai Semashko, which Russia has abandoned. The authors believe that Iceland's experience can be used in the modernization of regional healthcare systems in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic, as well as Russian healthcare in general.

[The problems of financing of palliative care and long-term care in the Russian Federation].

The article considers problems of financing of palliative care and long-term care in the Russian Federation. The pattern of growth in population's need in care and provision of out-patient and medical services related with demographic changes was revealed. The main problems of accessibility of long-term care associated with reduction of the number of in-patient facilities and unresolved issue of sustainable source of financing for this type of services are demonstrated. The problem of accessibility of palliative care was elaborated. The common problem for two types of medical social services is lacking of integrated management center at the Federal level. The regulation of long-term care is assigned to the Mintrud of Russia and provision of palliative care is assigned to the Minzdrav of Russia that affects effectiveness of management and is expressed in duplication of functions, development of different approaches to determine funding channels.

[Mechanisms of state support for the rehabilitation of disabled people: problems and directions for their solution].

The article is devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms of state support for the rehabilitation of disabled people. Given the limitation of the functional state of people with disabilities, providing them with rehabilitation services is an important component of maintaining and preventing the deterioration of their physical condition and health. In addition, taking into account the limited opportunities for work, rehabilitation and social support measures are an important part of the material support of the disabled and an important measure to prevent poverty among them by the state. The article discusses the main components of the mechanism for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities in Russia, explores the impact of the measures and programs taken on various aspects of the life of people with disabilities. The study led to the conclusion that the current system of organizing the rehabilitation of people with disabilities needs to be improved, taking into account increased attention to the quality of the provision of such services and expanding the very concept of «rehabilitation¼ by including a professional, psychological and social component in it.

[The experience of Japan: the application of the intersectoral balance methodology to control health care costs as a factor of mobilization readiness of health care to COVID-19 pandemic].

One of possible reasons for success of Japan in confronting the COVID-19 pandemic (low mortality rates, refusal of hard lock-downs and relatively low fall in economy) is seen in record high (3-4 times higher than in most other developed countries) provision of hospital beds. Its financing was supported during first 2 decades of the XXI century by the policy of relative to GDP advanced growth of public health public expenditures based on assessment of multiplier impact of these expenditures on demand, production and employment in other sectors of the economy using the intersectoral balance method based on "input-output" tables.Purpose of the study is to analyze Japan's economic policy in managing budgetary health care costs.The comprehensive statistical, comparative and retrospective analysis of available data was applied.The study results permit to suggest that high provision of the Japan population with hospital care resources and low mortality rates in 2022 prior to development of vaccines and effective treatment schemes for COVID-19 can be explained, among other things, by long-term policy of managing health care costs using assessment of their effect on production growth, demand and employment in other economy sectors using intersectoral balance method based on regular compilation of "input-output" tables.The data obtained permits to characterize as promising approach of the Japanese government to management of health care costs using assessment of their effect on production growth, demand and employment in other sectors of the economy using intersectoral balance method based on the regular compilation of "input-output" tables. This approach permitted to increase up to 1.5 times health care costs during 2005-2018 in situation of chronic stagnation of the national economy and thus to avoid world-wide trend towards reduction of hospital bed stock and after the start of pandemic severe shortage of hospital beds. The positive experience of Japan is confirmed by encouraging results of 2 pilot projects in the EU countries on applying the intersectoral balance method to assess the multiplier effect of health care costs in 2017-2018. It is considered that using the experience of Japan in managing budgetary health care expenditures through intersectoral balance method is challenging.

[THE WAGES IN THE PUBLIC HEALTHCARE: THE PANDEMIC CHALLENGES].

The article analyzes the current practice of remuneration in the Russian budget health care. According to the analysis concluded that at the present stage, the main problems in this area are the high level of differentiation of wages in the context of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and between different categories of health workers; staff shortages, as well as the opacity of approaches to pay. In addition, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic not only significantly aggravated the above-mentioned «bottlenecks¼ of the domestic budget health care, but also created new problems, the most significant of which was the procedure for compensation payments to employees involved in working with COVID-19 patients. Recommendations are formulated to change the current situation, including the need to: review the regulatory approaches to regulating compensation payments to medical workers; formation of lists of professional qualification groups and mandatory types of compensation and incentive payments; determination of the mandatory ratio of the remuneration of the heads of health care institutions to the average salary of the main staff.

[MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL SAFETY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN BUDGETARY HEALTH OF RUSSIA].

The study examines the issues of assessing the impact on occupational safety of public health workers of psycho-emotional factors associated with the provision of medical services and the socio-economic and industrial conditions of their work. As the analysis conducted by the authors on the basis of foreign sources showed, this problem is characteristic not only for Russia, but also for most medical institutions in other countries. It should be noted that these problems were especially aggravated during the coronavirus pandemic, when it was necessary to work in conditions of increased risk of infection, in excess of the established time norm, etc. Moreover, the tools to overcome professional burnout and improve occupational safety are providing medical institutions with the required personnel in sufficient quantities to solve the tasks, providing diagnostic and medical equipment, as well as protective equipment. It is very important that evidence-based labor standards are implemented, as they have not been reviewed in most cases since Soviet times. At the same time, ensuring decent work indicators, especially wages, is very important.

[New International Standard ISO 45001:2016 <>.

The authors justified actuality and significance of new International Standard ISO 45001, containing universal requirements to management systems for work safety and workers' health preservation. Analysis covered conceptual and key theses of ISO/DIS 45001: 2016 standard project. Comparative evaluation covered contents of standards ISO 45001: 2016, ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO 14001: 2015. The authors demonstrated expedience of using integrated system of management as a preventive measure helping to prevent traumatism and occupational diseases in occupational activity. Special attention was paid to risk-oriented thinking in decision making for safe work conditions.